Type groups are used for creating customer-defined data types. These type groups are created in the ABAP Dictionary and are available for use in all ABAP programs. This is something like SAP has created a type group where they have already declared many variables/constants/types etc. We can use them by calling the type group.
The main purpose is efficiency of coding. If there is a certain non-standard SAP type that the programmers find themselves using often in code, it would save coding and maintenance time to have them centrally defined.
Go to se11 and type DSVAL in the TYPE GROUP section :
Now whatever data is declared in that we can directly use the types while coding. Just add the below at the beginning of your code.
Now all the declarations can be used.